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Some of the debris will certainly exceed local escape velocity. Or is it simply a big hole in the ground, how far would the debris be spread etc. Even more so for the moon which has less metal than the Earth does, given its lower density, and it is often metals in the soil and rocks that undergo neutron activation to produce that long lived background radiation after a nuclear explosion. There's some scope for long-lived radioactivity, but in the absense of neutron activation and waste actinides from any fission byproducts, it seems likely that it will be much less. Normal nuclear blasts don't have a radioactive glow in the aftermath, and antimatter blasts are no more likely to produce such an effect. Anything larger will end up being being transmuted into a different isotope or element, and the resulting release of energy by the annihilation will be soaked up by spectator nucleons which may in turn cause the atom to fission.ĭoes the site still glow because of daughter isotopes
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Individual antiparticles will eventually interact with a matter particle, but obviously a single antiproton or antineutron cannot annihilate anything larger than a hydrogen-1 atom. This means you've got an expanding shell of ionised antimatter that can also interact with surrounding material. The amount of induced radioactivity is obviously going to be nonzero, but it isn't clear how much there will be (and the question might be too hard to answer).Īn uncontrolled release of bulk antimatter is also going to result in some of it being blasted away from ground zero by radiation pressure without necessarily being annihilated immediately, as you'd want if it were an antimatter rocket or warhead. The resulting fragments may be radioactive, and they may be long lived unstable isotopes. possibly slightly heavier nuclei too, but I'm unclear on that. Similarly, the >200MeV gamma rays coming out of neutral pion decays can also cause photodisintegration of nuclei.Ĭertainly, nuclei as light as aluminium might be smashed up by this process. The interaction cross section with a nucleus will be small, and the chances of the pion scattering off the nucleus will be reasonable, but some proportion of nuclei in the matter surrounding the blast might in fact be fissioned. Those early charged pions have a kinetic energy of >200MeV, which does exceed the atomic binding energy of most light elements. The pions eventually decay into electrons and positrons (shown as e + and e - respectively), the latter of which can annihilate an electron either produced by the decay chain or in surrounding matter producing more gamma rays These, too, can interact with surrounding matter. The pions decay into charged muons (shown as μ + and μ -) which are even more stable, and can travel for quite some distance in a vacuum. The mostly likely reaction involves the production of some neutral pions (shown as π 0) which decay almost immediately into high-energy gamma rays, and also some charged pions (shown as π + and π -) which have a short lifetime but are also travelling exceedingly fast and can therefore interact with nearby matter. In a vacuum, these annihilation products can travel quite some distance before they decay into gamma rays or stable particles such as electrons and positrons: Thus, when a proton encounters an antiproton, one of its quarks, usually a constituent valence quark, may annihilate with an antiquark (which more rarely could be a sea quark) to produce a gluon, after which the gluon together with the remaining quarks, antiquarks, and gluons will undergo a complex process of rearrangement (called hadronization or fragmentation) into a number of mesons, (mostly pions and kaons), which will share the total energy and momentum. Only electron-positron annihilation gives you nothing but gamma rays.Īccording to the source of all knowledge: Contrary to L.Dutch's statement above, annihilation of baryons eventually produces only gamma rays, but in the short-to-medium term you get all sorts of interesting daughter particles not all of which are unstable.